Abstract
Abuse and residues of antibiotics cause great harm to organisms and the environment. Appropriate sample pretreatment is usually required for sensitive determination, because of the low content presence of a variety of antibiotics in complicated matrices. Molecular-imprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been widely used for sample pretreatment of antibiotics, using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as adsorbents. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances of MISPE of antibiotics, followed by chromatographic analysis. Various solid-phase extraction (SPE) modes based on MIPs are briefly introduced, such as conventional SPE, dispersive SPE, magnetic SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and pipette-tip SPE. Then, several emerging preparation techniques for antibiotics MIPs are summarized including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, multitemplate imprinting, multifunctional monomer imprinting, and dummy template imprinting. Subsequently, applications of MISPE to analysis of a variety of antibiotics residues since 2018 are overviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracycline, and others. Finally, the preparation and application of antibiotics MIPs are prospected.
Highlights
Antibiotics are produced by bacteria, molds, or other microorganisms in the course of life, which can interfere with or inhibit the survival of pathogenic microorganisms (Fleming, 1929; Stachelek et al, 2021)
Core-shell structured molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are the major type of surface imprinting MIPs, owing to the increased surface area and larger binding capacity, and they are widely used for detecting antibiotic residues (Ji et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Negarian et al, 2019; Qin et al, 2019; Zhu et al, 2019a)
In the previous work (Zhao et al, 2018), water-compatible MIPs were prepared by combining reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) with reflux precipitation polymerization (RPP), and the resulting Molecularimprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MISPE) coupled with high-performance liquid-phase chromatography- (HPLC-)mass spectrometry (MS)/MS succeeded in the enrichment and determination of six SAs in animal-derived foods and water samples
Summary
Abuse and residues of antibiotics cause great harm to organisms and the environment. Appropriate sample pretreatment is usually required for sensitive determination, because of the low content presence of a variety of antibiotics in complicated matrices. Molecularimprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been widely used for sample pretreatment of antibiotics, using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as adsorbents. We comprehensively review the recent advances of MISPE of antibiotics, followed by chromatographic analysis. Several emerging preparation techniques for antibiotics MIPs are summarized including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, multitemplate imprinting, multifunctional monomer imprinting, and dummy template imprinting. Applications of MISPE to analysis of a variety of antibiotics residues since 2018 are overviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracycline, and others. The preparation and application of antibiotics MIPs are prospected
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