Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Pseudomonasaeruginosa Infection by State-of-the-Art Genotyping Techniques.

Thiba Krishnan,Yin Yin Lau,Jian-Woon Chen,Kok-Gan Chan,Chien-Yi Chang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01104

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium which is notably known as a pathogen in humans, animals, and plants. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa especially in hospitalized patients are often life-threatening and rapidly increasing worldwide throughout the years. Recently, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has taken a toll on humans’ health due to the inefficiency of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the rapid and advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately detect this bacterium particularly in clinical samples are indeed necessary to ensure timely and effective treatments and to prevent outbreaks. This review aims to discuss most recent of state-of-the-art molecular diagnostic techniques enabling fast and accurate detection and identification of P. aeruginosa based on well-developed genotyping techniques, e.g., polymerase chain reaction, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and next generation sequencing. The advantages and limitations of each of the methods are also reviewed.

Highlights

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common environmental microorganism which is widespread in nature
This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of some MDx techniques for P. aeruginosa detection to allow the rapid implementation of infection-control and intervention practices
This is mainly due to the fact that the generated amplicons are monitored as banding patterns by conventional electrophoresis on agarose gels, causing difficulty to determine which band in a pattern corresponds to which Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) target

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common environmental microorganism which is widespread in nature. A potential drawback of MLVA method is that inter-laboratory comparison studies cannot be conducted directly This is mainly due to the fact that the generated amplicons are monitored as banding patterns by conventional electrophoresis on agarose gels, causing difficulty to determine which band in a pattern corresponds to which PCR target. This approach is high assay-specific for different organisms and lacks standardization for the majority of published assays (Sabat et al, 2013). The MLST depends on housekeeping genes which are relatively conserved to establish genetic relatedness between isolates as it may lack the discriminatory power to differentiate certain bacteria (Noller et al, 2003; Pérez-Losada et al, 2011)

Limitations

CONCLUSION