Recent Advances in Lipase Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions to Synthesize N‐Heterocycles

Abstract

AbstractBiocatalysis has been an emerging field in organic synthetic chemistry in recent years and has significantly expanded the application of enzymes. Further, the concept of enzymatic promiscuity, where an enzyme catalyzes reactions beyond its natural function, has been recognized as a valuable phenomenon that can enhance the versatility of an enzyme as a biocatalyst. Recent advancements in organic synthesis, driven by the demand for more efficient and environmentally friendly processes, have led to the development of enzyme‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions such as Biginelli reaction, Hantzsch synthesis, Mannich, Ugi, etc. for the synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic compounds. While a number of enzymes have played an important role in this context, lipase enzyme is still indispensable due to its low cost, easy availability, and higher organic solvent tolerance. In particular, the immobilization of lipase enzyme on various supports enhances its stability, reusability, and efficiency in catalyzing organic transformation, which expands its role beyond traditional biocatalytic methods. In this review, we have mainly compiled the findings that highlight the synthetic applications of lipases in manufacturing several types of N‐containing heterocyclic compounds.