Abstract
The blending of additives in the polyethersulfone (PES) matrix is an important approach in the membrane industry to reduce membrane hydrophobicity and improve the performance (flux, solute rejection, and reduction of fouling). Several (hydrophilic) modifications of the PES membrane have been developed. Given the importance of the hydrophilic modification methods for PES membranes and their applications, we decided to dedicate this review solely to this topic. The types of additives embedded into the PES matrix can be divided into two main categories: (i) polymers and (ii) inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). The introduced polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, polyamide, polyethylene oxide, and polyethylene glycol. The introduced nanoparticles discussed include titanium, iron, aluminum, silver, zirconium, silica, magnesium based NPs, carbon, and halloysite nanotubes. In addition, the applications of hydrophilic PES membranes are also reviewed. Reviewing the research progress in the hydrophilic modification of PES membranes is necessary and imperative to provide more insights for their future development and perhaps to open the door to extend their applications to other more challenging areas.
Highlights
Polyethersulfone (PES) is a recognized polymeric material, which is widely employed in the fabrication of membranes for various applications
Sc. in Environmental Management (Waste and Wastewater treatment) from the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak in 2015. He joined as a PhD student in Chemical Engineering (Membrane Technology) under the supervision of Professor Dr Abdul Latif Ahmad at the Universiti Sains Malaysia
The results indicated that the surface hydrophilicity of the membranes was signi cantly improved a er adding HNTsdextran
Summary
Polyethersulfone (PES) is a recognized polymeric material, which is widely employed in the fabrication of membranes for various applications. 200 synthesized a HNTs loaded with copper ions (Cu2+-HNTs) by the chemical modi cation of HNTs, which were incorporated in the PES matrix to produce Cu2+-HNTs/PES MMM, which signi - cantly resulted in an improvement of membrane hydrophilicity, with WCA decreasing from 84.9 to 69.8 for 3 wt% of Cu2+-HNTs. Ref. Different types of MOFs, including zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), ZIF-8, [Zn(oba)(4-bpdh)0.5]$(DMF)1.5 (TMU-5), UiO-66, materiauxs de l'Institut Lavoisier, have been developed and introduced in the PES matrix to prepare a MMM Their potentials have been well recognized both experimentally and computationally.[120,224,225,226,227,228,229,230] The emerging zirconium MOFs (Zr-MOFs) has exhibited exceptionally high chemical and thermal stability.[231] Ref. 224 reported a novel hydrophilic PES/ TMU-5 UF membrane synthesized by blending with TMU-5.
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