Abstract
Conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants based on the activated sludge process are neither energy efficient nor economical. Various technologies (e.g., anaerobic treatment, algal technology and microbial fuel cells) have been proposed or employed to transform municipal wastewater treatment plant from energy sink to either net energy producer or energy neutral. Recently, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) technology is getting attention as an energy efficient nitrogen removal process for anaerobically-pretreated municipal wastewater. Phytoremediation through constructed wetlands is another energy efficient method to treat low-strength wastewater. The aim of this paper is to review the recent advances in these energy efficient technologies for the sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater. The advantages, limitations and application status (whether, lab-, pilot- or full-scale) along with future research perspectives of these technologies are also highlighted in this review.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
