Abstract
As promising biochemical sensors, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are used widely in the growing field of biochemical sensing applications. Recently, a new type of field-effect transistor gated by ionic electrolytes has attracted intense attention due to the extremely strong electric-double-layer (EDL) gating effect. In such devices, the carrier density of the semiconductor channel can be effectively modulated by an ion-induced EDL capacitance at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. With advantages of large specific capacitance, low operating voltage and sensitive interfacial properties, various EDL-based transistor (EDLT) devices have been developed for ultrasensitive portable sensing applications. In this article, we will review the recent progress of EDLT-based biochemical sensors. Starting with a brief introduction of the concepts of EDL capacitance and EDLT, we describe the material compositions and the working principle of EDLT devices. Moreover, the biochemical sensing performances of several important EDLTs are discussed in detail, including organic-based EDLTs, oxide-based EDLTs, nanomaterial-based EDLTs and neuromorphic EDLTs. Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of EDLT-based biochemical sensors are listed.
Highlights
Biochemical species detection techniques have important applications in the area of homeland security, medical and environmental monitoring, bioscience research and food safety
ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) were developed from metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by replacing the metal gate electrode with a liquid solution and a reference electrode
The results showed that the conductances of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and tetraethylammonium ions)
Summary
Biochemical species detection techniques have important applications in the area of homeland security, medical and environmental monitoring, bioscience research and food safety. Phrases “electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor sensor” or “electric-double-layer transistor sensor” In this this review, will focus on the progress and the and performance of EDLT-based biochemical. The EDL can act as a nanogap capacitor at the electrode/electrolyte possesses high capacitance values (1–100 μF·cm−2 ), enabling strong electric field at −2 the interface The carrier density of semiconductor channel can be effectively modulated by an ion-induced interfacial electrolyte thickness in EDLTs, enabling the use of thick, low-leakage electrolyte layers, as well as EDL capacitance. According to the device in EDLTs, enabling the geometries use of thick,[37], low-leakage electrolyte layers, as as convenient side-gate configuration, an looks like an electrochemical transistor (ECT).
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