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Abstract
.Edge illumination (EI) is an x-ray phase-contrast imaging technique, exploiting sensitivity to x-ray refraction to visualize features, which are often not detected by conventional absorption-based radiography. The method does not require a high degree of spatial coherence and is achromatic and, therefore, can be implemented with both synchrotron radiation and commercial x-ray tubes. Using different retrieval algorithms, information about an object’s attenuation, refraction, and scattering properties can be obtained. In recent years, a theoretical framework has been developed that enables EI computed tomography (CT) and, hence, three-dimensional imaging. This review provides a summary of these advances, covering the development of different image acquisition schemes, retrieval approaches, and applications. These developments constitute an integral part in the transformation of EI CT into a widely spread imaging tool for use in a range of fields.
Highlights
X-ray radiography has been in widespread use in the last century and has transformed numerous fields, including medicine and security scanning
By reconstructing computed tomography (CT) datasets of a biological sample, acquired with spatial sampling rates ranging from ideal sampling to the one given by the demagnified pixel size, it was shown that the phase signal strength is independent of the sampling rate
This observation, implies that edge illumination (EI) CT has low-dose capabilities, since high image contrast can be maintained in datasets where no dithering is performed, thereby reducing the number of required images
Summary
X-ray radiography has been in widespread use in the last century and has transformed numerous fields, including medicine and security scanning. Different XPCi methods have been developed during the past two decades, the most prominent ones being propagation-based imaging (PBI), analyzer-based imaging (ABI), grating interferometry (GI), and edge illumination (EI).[1,2] PBI is capable of detecting interference patterns caused by phase effects and has the simplest experimental setup as it requires no additional optical elements. It does require spatially coherent radiation and a high-resolution detector. At a synchrotron, the incoming beam is collimated by a vertically narrow and horizontally long slit placed upstream of the object while an absorbing edge is placed in contact with the detector row to create the EI condition
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