Abstract
This paper provides a technical review regarding the latest progress on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) equalization techniques for high-capacity fiber-optic communication networks. Space division multiplexing (SDM) technology was initially developed to improve the demanding capacity of optic-interconnect links through mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibers (FMF), or core-multiplexing exploiting multicore fibers (MCF). Primarily, adaptive MIMO filtering techniques were proposed to de-multiplex the signals upon different modes or cores, and to dynamically compensate for the differential mode group delays (DMGD) plus mode-dependent loss (MDL) via DSP. Particularly, the frequency-domain equalization (FDE) techniques suggestively lessen the algorithmic complexity, compared with time-domain equalization (TDE), while holding comparable performance, amongst which the least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms are most ubiquitous and, hence, extensively premeditated. In this paper, we not only enclose the state of the art of MIMO equalizers, predominantly focusing on the advantage of implementing the space–time block-coding (STBC)-assisted MIMO technique, but we also cover the performance evaluation for different MIMO-FDE schemes of DMGD and MDL for adaptive coherent receivers. Moreover, the hardware complexity optimization for MIMO-DSP is discussed, and a joint-compensation scheme is deliberated for chromatic dispersion (CD) and DMGD, along with a number of recent experimental demonstrations using MIMO-DSP.
Highlights
The space division multiplexing (SDM) systems were proposed to improve the capacity of fiber-optic transmission links, either by means of core multiplexing exploiting multicore fibers (MCF), or with mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibers (FMF) [1,2,3]
The simplest solution is to solely apply fiber bundles to have the same behavior as N single-mode fibers, which can consist of a fiber ribbon or a multi-element fiber as
MCFs epitomize the step in parallel fiber integration, where the adjacent such as local oscillator sharing with less temperature-dependent fluctuation, as revealed in Figure fiber cores are enclosed in the same glass cladding, and it allows novel system architectures such as
Summary
The space division multiplexing (SDM) systems were proposed to improve the capacity of fiber-optic transmission links, either by means of core multiplexing exploiting multicore fibers (MCF), or with mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibers (FMF) [1,2,3]. Develop a MIMO-DSP the intention of achieving an RLS-level performance at loss an Another bewildering algorithm deficiency with of FMF-based optical fiber systems is the mode-dependent. Another bewildering deficiency of FMF-based optical fiber systems is thethe mode-dependent degrading the overall capacity of MIMO channels [16]. We cover the aspects of polarization-related dynamic equalization, orthogonal frequency-division and the space–time block-coding (STBC) algorithm for SDM optical transmission. 3, where the coefficient adaptation can be accomplished with a 6 × 6 MIMO FDE is exemplified in Figure 3, where the coefficient with or algorithms along with data-aided training. along with data-aided training
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