Abstract
The time-correlated single-photon counting method has gained wide acceptance for investigating time behaviors of the fluorescence associated with electronic energy relaxation of excited molecules, optical ranging and communication experiments, plasma diagnostics and optical time domain reflectometry. The measurement of fluorescence lifetimes in studying the photophysical properties of organic molecules require photon detectors with high sensitivity and fast time response. The time width of the measuring system response in time-correlated single-photon counting experiments using picosecond light excitation is mainly determined by the single photoelectron time spread of photon detector. Recent progress that has been made in fast high-gain detectors using photoemission and secondary emission processes is reviewed and summarized. Specifically, performance characteristics are presented and compared of the ITT F4129, Hamamatsu R1564U and R2287U extended lifetime microchannel plate photomultipliers. Also characteristics of the Amperex XP2020 and RCA C31024 conventionally design photomultipliers are presented. Finally, the silicon avalanche photodiodes are compared with respect to their preliminary performance in time-correlated single-photon counting applications.
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