Abstract
Recently, the fast development of hybrid nanogels dedicated to various applications has been seen. In this context, nanogels incorporating biomolecules into their nanonetworks are promising innovative carriers that gain great potential in biomedical applications. Hybrid nanogels containing various types of biomolecules are exclusively designed for: improved and controlled release of drugs, targeted delivery, improvement of biocompatibility, and overcoming of immunological response and cell self-defense. This review provides recent advances in this rapidly developing field and concentrates on: (1) the key physical consequences of using hybrid nanogels and introduction of biomolecules; (2) the construction and functionalization of degradable hybrid nanogels; (3) the advantages of hybrid nanogels in controlled and targeted delivery; and (4) the analysis of the specificity of drug release mechanisms in hybrid nanogels. The limitations and future directions of hybrid nanogels in targeted specific- and real-time delivery are also discussed.
Highlights
Rapid progress in the design of hybrid nanogels (NGs) dedicated to various biomedical applications has recently been seen
A specific way of the non-covalent introduction of the drug into the nanogel nets is the intercalation process between the base pairs of the oligonucleotide biomolecules [50,51,52]. This way is promising from the controlled drug-delivery point, since the balance between several types of drug interaction with the biomolecule and the nanogel can determine the rate of the release process
Folic acid is one of the natural compounds able to interact with folic acid receptor (FR) cells that are highly overexpressed in various types of cancer
Summary
Rapid progress in the design of hybrid nanogels (NGs) dedicated to various biomedical applications has recently been seen. NGs provides an opportunity to: (a) moderate the physicochemical changes of parameters of NGs and respond to external stimuli, (b) improve storage capacity and drug release aspects, (c) introduce novel treatment methods for biomolecule-based height–weight therapeutics, (d) decrease drug toxicity and preserve the active form of the drug, (e) improve degradability and utilization of nanogel-based carriers, and (f) effectively overcome drug cellular resistance [12,13]. Another great advantage of biomolecule-modified NGs is the possibility of attaching them to electrode and conducting surfaces.
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