Recent Advances in Constructing Interfacial Active Catalysts Based on Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Catalytic Mechanisms

Abstract

The interaction between the metal and the support of supported metal catalysts, which are widely used in industry, is the primary focus of the study of such catalysts. With the developing understanding of the metal–support interaction, the intrinsic factor that influences the catalytic performance has been determined to be the structure of interfacial sites. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs, a class of two-dimensional layered anion clay) possess several unique characteristics, such as the following: (1) tunable elemental component, homogeneous distribution of metal cations. (2) anchoring effect. (3) multiple layered structure for exfoliation or intercalation and special memory effect; and (4) internal/external confinement effects during topological transformation. Taking LDHs and their derivatives as precursors or supports shows superior advantages in designing interfacial active catalysts with tunable properties. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on constructing interfacial active catalysts by LDHs and revealing the interfacial effects (including electronic, geometric, and bifunctional effects) on the catalytic performance that will provide new perspectives and approaches for the development of heterogeneous catalysis.