Recent advances in bioprinting and applications for biosensing.

Andrew D Dias,David M Kingsley,David T Corr

doi:10.3390/bios4020111

Andrew D Dias, David M Kingsley + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/bios4020111

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Journal: Biosensors	Publication Date: Apr 24, 2014
Citations: 205	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Abstract

Future biosensing applications will require high performance, including real-time monitoring of physiological events, incorporation of biosensors into feedback-based devices, detection of toxins, and advanced diagnostics. Such functionality will necessitate biosensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and throughput, as well as the ability to simultaneously detect multiple analytes. While these demands have yet to be fully realized, recent advances in biofabrication may allow sensors to achieve the high spatial sensitivity required, and bring us closer to achieving devices with these capabilities. To this end, we review recent advances in biofabrication techniques that may enable cutting-edge biosensors. In particular, we focus on bioprinting techniques (e.g., microcontact printing, inkjet printing, and laser direct-write) that may prove pivotal to biosensor fabrication and scaling. Recent biosensors have employed these fabrication techniques with success, and further development may enable higher performance, including multiplexing multiple analytes or cell types within a single biosensor. We also review recent advances in 3D bioprinting, and explore their potential to create biosensors with live cells encapsulated in 3D microenvironments. Such advances in biofabrication will expand biosensor utility and availability, with impact realized in many interdisciplinary fields, as well as in the clinic.

Highlights

Environmental, and clinical applications of biosensors, it is necessary to be able to detect, quantify, and report a multitude of different analytes rapidly and simultaneously
While thin films have been used for biosensing applications, we will focus on bioprinting techniques that can be used to deposit a large range of biologics and mammalian cells in precise spatial locations
They offer high spatial precision, lithography-based patterning techniques require the fabrication of a new stamp if a different pattern is desired, and generally cannot directly pattern cells to a surface or transducer because of high pressures or temperatures involved in the process

Summary

Introduction

Environmental, and clinical applications of biosensors, it is necessary to be able to detect, quantify, and report a multitude of different analytes rapidly and simultaneously. The detection of multiple analytes is preferred for performing diagnostics, monitoring, toxicity screening, and numerous other biosensing applications In order to detect multiple analytes or investigate biological outcomes with high throughput, it is necessary to harness biofabrication technologies for biosensors applications. Pattern-based high-throughput biosensing typically involves depositing a protein, antibody, or other molecule of interest to a substrate, and measuring binding of another molecule or cell [5,22,23,24]. Some technologies that examine real-time changes in cell behavior include Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET), or other fluorescent-based detection systems that respond to a binding event [29] These techniques are typically limited to a few analytes because of fluorescence emission overlap. Examining dynamic cellular response via live-cell assays is an important feature that needs to be addressed by new biosensors, and this may be feasible using high-throughput methods

Transduction and Detection Methods for Biosensing

Methods for Bioprinting and Applications to Biosensing

Contact-Based Bioprinting

Non-Contact Printing

In Situ Crosslinking for 3D Bioprinting

Conclusions and Future