Abstract
Biosensors research is a fast growing field in which tens of thousands of papers have been published over the years, and the industry is now worth billions of dollars. The biosensor products have found their applications in numerous industries including food and beverages, agricultural, environmental, medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical industries and many more. Even though numerous biosensors have been developed for detection of proteins, peptides, enzymes, and numerous other biomolecules for diverse applications, their applications in tissue engineering have remained limited. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in application of novel biosensors in cell culture and tissue engineering, for example, real-time detection of small molecules such as glucose, lactose, and H2O2 as well as serum proteins of large molecular size, such as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein, and inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-g and TNF-α. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in biosensors for tissue engineering applications.
Highlights
Biosensors have gained enormous attention in recent years in medicine and nanotechnology, and there is a growing interest in its application in tissue engineering
Biosensors are gradually becoming an integral part of such tissue engineering systems in microfluidic tissue engineering models as they can sense specific biological molecules within the miniaturized tissue constructs in real-time, at very low concentration levels, through ultrasensitive optical, electrochemical, or acoustic sensing systems
The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles for biosensor design, fabrication, and operation mechanisms and to provide insights to their rapidly growing and future potentials in the field of biomedical engineering, with respect to tissue engineering
Summary
Biosensors have gained enormous attention in recent years in medicine and nanotechnology, and there is a growing interest in its application in tissue engineering. Biosensors have shown immense potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are rapidly growing fields in biomedical engineering presenting enormous potential for development of engineered tissue constructs for restoring the lost functions of diseased or BioMed Research International damaged tissues and organs [3, 4]. The device in an in vivo environment can monitor real-time biological signals, such as the release of proteins or antibodies in response to tissue damage, muscular dystrophy, cardiac infarction, inflammatory events or infections. To precisely sense the biological signals in a cellular microenvironment, a probe with micro- or nano-dimensions is desirable For this purpose, sensors with nanoscale dimensions, such as nanotubes or nanowires, have been developed for effective biosensing and diagnostics purposes. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles for biosensor design, fabrication, and operation mechanisms and to provide insights to their rapidly growing and future potentials in the field of biomedical engineering, with respect to tissue engineering
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