Abstract
An adaptive-focus lens is a device that is capable of tuning its focal length by means of an external stimulus. Numerous techniques for the demonstration of such devices have been reported thus far. Moving beyond traditional solutions, several new approaches have been proposed in recent years based on the use of liquid crystals, which can have a great impact in emerging applications. This work focuses on the recent advances in liquid crystal lenses with diameters larger than 1 mm. Recent demonstrations and their performance characteristics are reviewed, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the reported technologies and identifying the challenges and future prospects in the active research field of adaptive-focus liquid crystal (LC) lenses.
Highlights
Dating back to 1888, the physiologist F
Since that time and up to more than 70 years later, they remained as purely a scientific curiosity. It was in 1958 when Glen Brown published an article entitled “The Mesomorphic State” in the journal Chemical Reviews [2], which reminded the scientific community of the useful liquid crystal (LC) properties which were revealed years ago by V
The use of LC to control or modify signals at millimeter and sub-millimeter wave frequencies is another research field [19], in which several devices have been proposed, including, among others, tunable antennas [20], phase shifters [21], and filters [22]. Another application sector is the study of the interaction of metamaterials [23,24], nanoparticles [25,26,27], and carbon nanotubes with LC [28,29,30,31]
Summary
Dating back to 1888, the physiologist F. The use of LC to control or modify signals at millimeter and sub-millimeter wave frequencies is another research field [19], in which several devices have been proposed, including, among others, tunable antennas [20], phase shifters [21], and filters [22] Another application sector is the study of the interaction of metamaterials [23,24], nanoparticles [25,26,27], and carbon nanotubes with LC [28,29,30,31]. This work is focused on recent advances in LC lenses with a diameter larger than 1 mm We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the reported technologies and highlight the future prospects and challenges in the technology of adaptive-focus LC lenses
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