Abstract
Synthetic genomics is a newly emerging area of synthetic biology that allows us to design, synthesize, and construct a desired genome to create new synthetic life forms. It has been possible because of recently developed advanced cloning and DNA synthesis technologies. Synthetic genomes of bacteria, viruses, and yeast have been chemically synthesized and characterized. Synthetic viruses have been designed and constructed in a way that alters the pathogenicity but maintains antigenicity for vaccination purpose. Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0, JCVI-syn2.0, and JCVI-syn3.0 and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome have been chemically synthesized and grown as fully functional cells. Synthetic genome technology allows the installation of complete biosynthetic pathways, deletion of non-essential genes, and replacement of the defective chromosome with synthetic chromosome for proper cell functioning. The chapter highlights the recent progress, challenges and opportunities for accelerating synthetic genomics toward biomedical, therapeutic, and industrial applications.
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