Abstract
To overcome cancer, various chemotherapeutic studies are in progress; among these, studies on nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) are being actively pursued. NFCDs function via a fusion technology that includes a drug delivery system using nanoparticles as a carrier and a combinatorial drug therapy using two or more drugs. It not only includes the advantages of these two technologies, such as ensuring stability of drugs, selectively transporting drugs to cancer cells, and synergistic effects of two or more drugs, but also has the additional benefit of enabling the spatiotemporal and controlled release of drugs. This spatial and temporal drug release from NFCDs depends on the application of nanotechnology and the composition of the combination drug. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the control of spatiotemporal drug release from NFCDs are provided. To this end, the types of combinatorial drug release for various NFCDs are classified in terms of time and space, and the detailed programming techniques used for this are described. In addition, the advantages of the time and space differences in drug release in terms of anticancer efficacy are introduced in depth.
Highlights
Many studies are being conducted to overcome cancer, a major health problem for humans in modern society
Owing to its high level of adaptability, cancer is difficult to treat owing to multiple drug resistance (MDR) that results in simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs with various chemical structures and the associated mechanisms of action [8]
Nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs), which can be co-delivered with these nanoparticles, have several unique advantages, such as improving synergistic treatment efficacy, drug resistance management, and the ability to temporarily control drug release [20]
Summary
Many studies are being conducted to overcome cancer, a major health problem for humans in modern society. Owing to its high level of adaptability, cancer is difficult to treat owing to multiple drug resistance (MDR) that results in simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs with various chemical structures and the associated mechanisms of action [8] To solve these problems, recent research has focused on methods using nanoparticles as nanocarriers in anticancer therapy [9,10]. Nano-formulated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs), which can be co-delivered with these nanoparticles, have several unique advantages, such as improving synergistic treatment efficacy, drug resistance management, and the ability to temporarily control drug release [20]. NFCD treatments are considered to have high potential to solve problems such as drug toxicity and dose control, as they can simultaneously utilize the advantages of existing nanoparticles and combination therapy [8,21,22]. In vitro/in vivo In vitro/in vivo In vitro/in vivo [33] Zhang et al
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