Recent Advancements in Polythiophene-Based Materials and their Biomedical, Geno Sensor and DNA Detection.

Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi,Seyyed Alireza Hashemi,Khadije Yousefi,Chin Wei Lai,Wei-Hung Chiang,Aziz Babapoor,Navid Omidifar,Sonia Bahrani,Ahmad Gholami,Gity Behbudi

doi:10.3390/ijms22136850

Abstract

In this review, the unique properties of intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) in biomedical engineering fields are summarized. Polythiophene and its valuable derivatives are known as potent materials that can broadly be applied in biosensors, DNA, and gene delivery applications. Moreover, this material plays a basic role in curing and promoting anti-HIV drugs. Some of the thiophene’s derivatives were chosen for different experiments and investigations to study their behavior and effects while binding with different materials and establishing new compounds. Many methods were considered for electrode coating and the conversion of thiophene to different monomers to improve their functions and to use them for a new generation of novel medical usages. It is believed that polythiophenes and their derivatives can be used in the future as a substitute for many old-fashioned ways of creating chemical biosensors polymeric materials and also drugs with lower side effects yet having a more effective response. It can be noted that syncing biochemistry with biomedical engineering will lead to a new generation of science, especially one that involves high-efficiency polymers. Therefore, since polythiophene can be customized with many derivatives, some of the novel combinations are covered in this review.

Highlights

Electronic conductive polymers have garnered enormous interest in drug delivery and biomedical applications [1,2,3]
intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) is a novel descendant of new polymeric compounds that have delocalized electronic structures which are sensitive to variations of the environmental polymeric chains and other disturbances in the chain structure
A drawback of the functionalized polymers with the post-polymerization process is the potentially detrimental effects of the polymer films being adhesive to the surface of the electrode, which is important for biosensing [10]

Summary

Introduction

Electronic conductive polymers have garnered enormous interest in drug delivery and biomedical applications [1,2,3]. Methods utilizing connected polymers to transmit combination events to an electronic signal were recorded [15] In some cases, this recognition is related to the modification of electrical features of a functionalized conjugated polymer by using oligonucleotide and combining it with its potent desired nucleic acid [16]. Cationic polymers are favored as they can be assembled quickly with DNA via electrostatic interaction to achieve complexes of polyelectrolyte Such an approach is affected by various factors, including pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The issue is solved by post-polymerization functionalization as the monomers of thiophene can be electropolymerized along with the protective carboxylic acid groups This method is a new approach to prepare novel electroactive organic platforms with well-proportioned electronic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical features [24]. A vast range of materials is known to be beneficial when combined with thiophene, such as nano clay, for improving the antimicrobial effects [29], compounds prepared by nanocomposites to facilitate the delivery of drugs [30], nanofibers for managing the drug release systems [31], carbon Nanotube [32], silica [33,34], epoxy [35] and, etc

Electrode Coating

Polythiophene in the Detection of Adrenolytic Using SPME-HPLC

Molecular Gate

DNA Hybridization Electrochemical Biosensor

Findings

12. Anti-HIV Effects of Thiophene