Recent advancements in photodynamic therapy and cancer biosensor using natural products

Abstract

Cancer is one of the utmost lethal diseases that disrupts metabolic pathways in a biological system where human cells acquire the transition from normal growth stages to neoplastic growth states, leading to the development of malignant tumours. It continues to be a problem for the world health, requiring constant innovation in prevention, early detection and treatment methods. Cancer biosensors have become potent diagnostic tools that allow for the quick and accurate identification of cancer biomarkers. Additionally, natural products have drawn interest owing to their potential for use in cancer therapy and cancer diagnosis. This review aims to highlight the applicability of plant-based, marine-based and microbe-based biosensors. Combining these biosensors with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic approach, offers a lot of potential for targeted cancer therapy. This review also elaborates on the value of natural materials as sources of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and demonstrates their advantages such as, raised selectivity, fewer adverse reactions, and better therapeutic results. Moreover, the combination of photodynamic therapy using natural products with cancer biosensors provides a cutting-edge strategy in oncology. The care of cancer may be revolutionised as research advances by addressing problems and improving these methods, opening the door for more efficient, patient-specific interventions.