Abstract
Recent Advancements in Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy
Highlights
Immunotherapy has emerged as a pillar [1] in cancer treatment through its gradual acceptance as standard of care for some liquid and solid tumor malignancies, such as: B cell leukemia [2], metastatic melanoma [3, 4] and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) [5, 6], joining the ranks of conventional modalities such as surgery, chemo/radiation, and targeted therapies
A combination regimen of chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy appears to be superior to chemotherapy alone, wherein chemotherapeutic agents may play a dual role by reducing overall tumor burden through direct killing of cancerous cells and by indirect release of proinflammatory molecules and tumor associated antigens which, when presented in an immunogenic fashion, may function as an in situ “vaccine”
Evidence of success in other solid tumors and a renaissance in our understanding of pancreatic tumor biology has led to translational efforts to pioneer immune-based approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer that has been accompanied by significant progress in the field [9]
Summary
Immunotherapy has emerged as a pillar [1] in cancer treatment through its gradual acceptance as standard of care for some liquid and solid tumor malignancies, such as: B cell leukemia [2], metastatic melanoma [3, 4] and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) [5, 6], joining the ranks of conventional modalities such as surgery, chemo/radiation, and targeted therapies. Onivyde represented a nanotherapeutic version of chemotherapy that directly delivers the agent to the tumor microenvironment and prolongs the active drug uptake Recent results from these pilot studies demonstrated promise for pancreatic cancer with increased median survival for 2 months [14]. Less toxic approaches are desperately needed for this lethal cancer, in patients who experience failure of existing first-line therapies Despite these efforts, the best supportive care and treatment regimens for patients with pancreatic cancer can only prolong survival for a few months, with the goal of achieving palliation rather than cure [15]. This binding indirectly activated T cells by CD154 mediating cytokine release from dendritic cells and
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