Abstract
This review article discusses about the development of nanocomposite coating on surfaces of metallic materials produced by laser surface cladding and alloying process. The purpose of coating is to deposit hard, wear and corrosion resistant layer on the surface of metallic material so that the materials can be used for manufacturing of engineering components operated in severe wear and corrosion environment. Nanocomposite coatings are having wide applications in automobile, chemical, aerospace and electronics industries due to its attractive properties like very high hardness, good tribological properties, excellent corrosion resistance and excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature. The various engineering materials upon which nanocomposite coatings can be fabricated are ferrous materials, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, nickel based super alloy and magnesium alloy. The laser surface cladding and alloying process are widely used for fabrication of nanocomposite coating on metallic materials because of its excellent characteristics such as fast solidification and cooling rate, production of fine microstructure, highly flexible process, less dilution, narrow heat affected zone and highly automated process. The nanocomposite coating can be formed by transition metals, alloys, ceramics, and rare earth oxides. The formation of nanocomposite coating depends upon the laser process parameters and selection of nanoparticles during coating process. The various laser process parameters which control the formation of nanocomposite coating are laser power density, laser scanning speed, argon flow rate, feed rate of powder, wavelength of laser beam, frequency of laser, and laser spot diameter. The nanocomposite coated metallic materials can be used for manufacturing of mechanical components like turbine blades, friction devices and automobile parts applicable to severe wear and corrosive conditions. In this review paper the problem arises during laser processing for nanocomposite coating formation on various metallic materials and its control has been described.
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