Abstract
Polysaccharide materials are widely applied in different applications including food, food packaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation sectors. They were used in these domains due to their efficient, cost-effective, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. As is known, polysaccharides can be synthesized by different simple, facile, and effective methods. Of these polysaccharides are cellulose, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, chitosan, chitin, curdlan, dextran, pectin, xanthan, pullulan, and so on. In this current article review, we focused on discussing the synthesis and potential applications of microbial polysaccharides. The biosynthesis of polysaccharides from microbial sources has been considered. Moreover, the utilization of molecular biology tools to modify the structure of polysaccharides has been covered. Such polysaccharides provide potential characteristics to transfer toxic compounds and decrease their resilience to the soil. Genetically modified microorganisms not only improve yield of polysaccharides, but also allow economically efficient production. With the rapid advancement of science and medicine, biosynthesis of polysaccharides research has become increasingly important. Synthetic biology approaches can play a critical role in developing polysaccharides in simple and facile ways. In addition, potential applications of microbial polysaccharides in different fields with a particular focus on food applications have been assessed.
Highlights
Polysaccharides are the main constituent of carbohydrates in nature are consist of monosaccharides as building blocks [1,2]
Most of the synthesized polymers have a good degree of stability and degradation resistance; these would be deposited in the atmosphere, as described by some researchers, at such a rate of almost 8% by weight and 20% by landfill volume
Dextran is thought to become the first polysaccharide generated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for commercial use
Summary
Polysaccharides are the main constituent of carbohydrates in nature are consist of monosaccharides as building blocks [1,2]. Despite the fact that there are many unexplained mysteries in this regard, plant polysaccharides have therapeutic effects and a wide range of applications, making them an essential route for developing novel drugs. The polysaccharide family generated from microbes has an essential role in the food processing industry [20]. Kim et al, assessed the effects of agitation strength and aeration rate on developing antioxidant exopolysaccharides from the submerged Ganoderma resencium mycelial community [24] They inferred that the factors of agriculture seemed to have a remarkable impact on the structure of exopolysaccharide (EPS) carbohydrates, resulting in various antioxidative behaviors [25]. Mainly polysaccharides that are generated from trees, plants, tree gums, seeds, tubers, seaweed, are the most utilized carbohydrate polymers in many different applications [28]. The various applications of microbial polysaccharides in medical, health, wastewater, and bioremediations have been reviewed
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