Recent advancements in development of different cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Abstract

The main concept of this review article focuses on the technological development and scientific challenges faced in a broad range of cathode materials in the lithium-ion battery (LIBs). In the commercialized world, researchers are continuously making efforts to explore the cathode materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of the batteries. LIBs are excellent batteries for power generation in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). LIBs have ushered in a significant power revolution in various portable and smart energy storage devices. Stationary energy storage is an essential requirement that could be fulfilled by the fabrication and design of the advanced electrode material in LIBs with fast charge, slow discharge capabilities and high energy density. Numerous new electrode materials have been introduced for use in LIBs which are chemically modified through atomic and molecular engineering that possess unique microstructures which would substantially enhance the properties of the LIBs. The surface coating/doping can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of the batteries. The cost, safety, electrochemical performance, materials dissolution and surface reaction of developed electrode materials are summarized. A significant improvement in battery performance is needed in terms of power delivery and energy density while maintaining a high capacity and long service life. The existing scenario of the cathode electrode materials in LIBs can be considered highly promising in increasing the performance of the batteries for making them more efficient.