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Abstract
Videos acquired from Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) allow for monitoring river systems at high spatial and temporal resolutions providing unprecedented datasets for hydrological and hydraulic applications. The cost-effectiveness of these measurement methods stimulated the diffusion of image-based frameworks and approaches at scientific and operational levels. Moreover, their application in different environmental contexts gives us the opportunity to explore their reliability, potentialities and limitations, and future perspectives and developments. This paper analyses the recent progress on this topic, with a special focus on the main challenges to foster future research studies.
Highlights
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In the eighties of the XX century, image velocimetry techniques started to emerge from laboratory and industrial applications and later on were adapted for fluvial monitoring [1]
Optical methods for river flow monitoring are nowadays popular among researchers and are starting to be considered at operational levels due to the following reasons: traditional contact measurements require expert operators and, they are time-consuming and rather expensive
Summary
In the eighties of the XX century, image velocimetry techniques started to emerge from laboratory and industrial applications and later on were adapted for fluvial monitoring [1]. This allows for observing how the use of different techniques has changed over time. It is worth mentioning that radar use has increased over time, making surface velocity measurements the most relevant topic, representing about 75% of the total number of publications in river monitoring. The increasing interest in image-based techniques is testified by the common intent to make available datasets and codes. Studies in Denmark, promotes use of UAS for river monitoring These studies represent a great opportunity tothe testuse and ofvalidate. The use of UAS for optical flow measurements in unfavourable flow conditions highlights the possibility to monitor floods, ungauged or inaccessible areas [15]. Eco-sounder, The use of UAS for optical flow measurements in unfavourable flow conditions
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