Recent advancement of Ullmann-type coupling reactions in the formation of C–C bond

Abstract

The present text discussed about the recent developments and applications of the Ullmann reaction in respect of the C–C bond formation. The major drawback of the Ullmann reaction, i.e., harsh reaction condition has recently been overcome with the development of various synthetic methodologies. Green synthetic methodologies such as metal-, ligand-, and additive free conditions, recyclable heterogenous catalysts, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted synthesis, etc. have got special importance in this field. This text lucidly describes all these recently developed synthetic methodologies which make the century old Ullmann reaction much efficient, effective, economical and attractive in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. On-surface Ullmann coupling for the C–C bond formation, i.e., invoking C–C coupling reactions on a reactive surface has been discussed. All such developments of the Ullmann C–C coupling facilitate its application in the synthesis of bio-active heterocycles, drug-like molecules and natural products which has also been discussed in this text.