Abstract
This paper reviews receivers that feature low-loss multimode-output arrayed waveguide gratings (MM-AWGs) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as hybrid integration techniques with high-speed throughput of up to 100 Gb/s and beyond. A design of optical coupling between higher-order multimode beams and a photodiode for a flat-top spectral shape is described in detail. The WDM photoreceivers were fabricated with different approaches. A 10-Gb/s photoreceiver was developed for a 1.25-Gb/s baud rate and assembled for eight-channel WDM by mechanical alignment. A receiver with 40-Gb/s throughput was built by using visual alignment for a 10-Gb/s baud rate and four-channel WDM. A 100-Gb/s receiver assembled by active alignment with a four-channel by 25-Gb/s baud rate is the basis for beyond-100 Gb/s and future multi-wavelength integrated devices toward data-centric communications and computing.
Highlights
In current photonic networks, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), in which optical signals with different wavelengths are combined into one optical fiber and separated after transmission, is essential for large network capacity
We describe the procedure for estimating the spectral shape of MM-arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) using Figure 2
We reviewed our recent progress on arrayed waveguide gratings and receiver integration with tests, we confirmed the loss change as low as less than 0.2 dB, which reveals the high reliability of the photoreceiver owing to our stable core assembly structure
Summary
Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), in which optical signals with different wavelengths are combined into one optical fiber and separated after transmission, is essential for large network capacity. There are a variety of AWGs with respect to their channel local wireless traffic with the advent of self-driving vehicles, edge computing for artificial number, spacing, and so on. Based on current technology trends, client-side networks such as those used in datacenters and for mobile links with the reach of 100 km or less will consume more data for local wireless traffic with the advent of self-driving vehicles, edge computing for artificial intelligence, and automation with the Internet-of-Things (IoTs). These developments will require real-time operation without latency, ensured security, and event-driven data processing.
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