Abstract
두 세력 사이에 차이가 난 집단기억은 기본적으로 부활한 운동인가 실패한 운동인가, 운동을 주도한 사람이 민족대표였는가 노력대중이었는가, 운동을 계승하고 재현하는 세력은 정부인가 정당인가에 대한 평가, 달리 말하면 신념 체계에서 갈렸다.1946년 3.1절 기념집회 때 3·1운동에 관한 두 유형의 집단기억이 나타났 다. 이 글은 집단기억의 형성과정을 추적한 연구이다. 시기를 크게 둘로 나누고 민족운동의 다양 공간을 고려하며 분석하였다. 식민지 조선은 3월 1일과 독립만세를 기억하는 공론장이 형성되기 어려웠 다. 조선공산당은 비합법 출판물로 공감대를 유지하였다. 조선공산당은 3·1운 동의 지도부가 지도력을 발휘하지 못하고 실패한 운동이라고 보았다. 이에 비해 임시정부는 3월 1일을 대한민족이 부활한 ‘국경일’로 간주하였다. 1930년대 들어 두 유형의 집단기억은 서로 교차할 기회조차 없이 각자 독자적 논리로 기억을 강화해 갔다. 조선공산당을 재건해야 하는 사회주의자에게 3·1운동은 자체의 무장을 스스로 해제했으며, 토지문제도 제기하지 않았 고, 전위당도 없어 명백히 실패한 운동이었다. 임시정부에게 3·1운동은 대한 제국의 정통성을 자신이 계승했음을 보여주는 상징적인 사건이었다. 임시정부는 민주주의를 옹호하고 민족자결주의를 지켜낸 3·1정신을 자신이 이어받았 음을 특별히 강조하였다.Two types of collective memories of the March 1 movement appeared during the March 1946 Memorial Rally. This article is a study that traces its formation process. This paper divides the time into two parts and considers the various spaces of the national movement It was difficult for the colonial Joseon to form a public sphere that remembers from March 1 and independence hurrah. The Communist Party of Korea maintained a consensus as an illegal publication. The Communist Party of Korea regarded the leadership of the movement of the March First Movement as an unsuccessful exercise in leadership. In contrast, the provisional government regarded March 1 as the ”national holiday” in which the Korean people revived. In the 1930s, the two types of collective memories reinforced their own logic without the opportunity to cross each other. For the socialist who had to rebuild the Communist Party of Korea, the March First Movement itself lifted its own armed forces, did not raise land issues, and it was a clearly unsuccessful movement because there was no vanguard. To the interim government, the March First Movement was a symbolic event that showed that he succeeded the legitimacy of the Korean empire. The Provisional Government specifically stressed that it had taken over the 3.1spirit of defending democracy and defending national selfdetermination. The collective memories that differ between the two forces are basically resurrected or failed, whether the person who led the movement was a national representative, the effort was popular, the forces that inherit and reproduce the movement were divided in the evaluation of the government or political party.
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