Abstract
NOT MUCH ATTENTION HAS BEEN PAID TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM IN THE REGULATION OF SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE, IN CONTRAST to those of other monoamines such as norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and histamine. This is mostly due to the fact that dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area or substantia nigra, the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei that project to forebrain, do not change their firing rates across sleep cycles, yet there are changes in their firing patterns.1 Pharmacological studies however, consistently reported that modes of action of most currently available wake-promoting agents such as amphetamines and modafinil are mediated by stimulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.2
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