Abstract
A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family Thamnophilidae indicated that the widespread neotropical genus Cercomacra Sclater, 1858 is polyphyletic. Two non-sister clades in putative Cercomacra were uncovered: (1) the ‘nigricans’ clade (Cercomacra sensu stricto), formed by manu, brasiliana, cinerascens, melanaria, ferdinandi, carbonaria, and nigricans; and (2) the ‘tyrannina’ clade formed by nigrescens, laeta, parkeri, tyrannina, and serva. Sciaphylax was sister to the ‘tyrannina’ clade and this group was sister to a clade formed by Drymophila and Hypocnemis. This whole major clade then was sister to Cercomacra sensu stricto. Further work is needed to resolve the phylogenetic placement of brasiliana and cinerascens within Cercomacra, and the relationships within the ‘tyrannina’ clade. Because the group of species referred to as the ‘tyrannina’ clade does not have an available name, we erect a new genus that recognizes the monophyly and distinct nature of this group. A molecular time scale for the evolution within Cercomacra sensu lato is proposed. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
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