Reasons for and Impacts of Kava Use by Tongan Men in Kava Clubs in Auckland and Tonga

Malakai Ofanoa,Stephen Buetow,Peter Huggard,Samuela Ofanoa,Janine Paynter,Vili Nosa

doi:10.11648/j.ss.20200902.13

Abstract

Kava drinking in kava clubs has become an intrinsic part of Tongan Pasifika culture. Perceived effects and reasons for kava consumption are not fully understood. This study explored these issues using the culturally safe, Pasifika qualitative research approaches of Kakala and Talanga. Group interviews were held with a convenience sample of 104 Tongan men across 10 kava clubs in Tonga and New Zealand. A general inductive approach was used to analyse the interviews. Participants in both countries reported that kava use is socially sanctioned and easily accessible. Kava clubs provide an opportunity to learn about Tongan culture, socialise and are a safe way to relieve stress and boredom. However, kava consumption could reduce members’ productivity, contribute to ill-health and increase stress on family relationships. It is vital that kava use amongst Tongans is addressed in a way that deals with the negative impacts but protects its benefits. There is an opportunity to educate men about the health effects of kava. To enact this opportunity and solve this widespread issue, partnership between kava clubs, the church and the Tongan community is needed. A multi-agency engagement with kava club members and Tongan society may therefore be the best approach to minimize risks and optimize benefits of kava use.

Highlights

Known as the “intoxicating pepper”, the roots of the kava plant (Piper methysticum) have been consumed for centuries as a traditional beverage across the Western Pacific region [1, 2]
This study focuses on kava clubs because their members have the most experience of kava use
We have provided a comparison of kava use in clubs in Tonga and Auckland, New Zealand using integrated Western and Pacific approaches to qualitative research

Summary

Introduction

Known as the “intoxicating pepper”, the roots of the kava plant (Piper methysticum) have been consumed for centuries as a traditional beverage across the Western Pacific region [1, 2]. This national drink for Tongans has become an intrinsic part of social and cultural life, in Tonga and Auckland, New Zealand. Kava drinking performs symbolic functions in promoting well-being and bringing people together to respect the divine, spirits and others. Almost exclusively, it is men who consume kava. Tongans consume more kava than other Pacific peoples [4]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion