Abstract
Resettlement due to mining and infrastructure projects has become a relevant problem in Peru due to the growing number of projects juxtaposed with rural and urban habitats. Social Sciences have accumulated a body of studies that allow resettlements from multiple theoretical perspectives. Research shows residence, land use and mobility patterns of the population are not completely understood by companies and authorities in charge of resettlements, which therefore create more damage to those already affected. Companies and government use narratives about «development» and «risk» to legitimize the need of resettlement, but they are not necessarily capable of delivering the promises of a better future for those affected. Design of resettlement spaces follows a rationale of industrial and political control, far away from the traditional organization of the original towns. It is proposed that the government should norm resettlement procedures (limiting them as much as possible) including cultural, identity and participatory aspects in the design of new homes and towns.
Highlights
A Resettlement due to mining and infrastructure projects has become a relevant problem in Peru due to the growing number of projects juxtaposed with rural and urban habitats
Social Sciences have accumulated a body of studies that allow resettlements from multiple theoretical perspectives
Companies and government use narratives about «development» and «risk» to legitimize the need of resettlement, but they are not necessarily capable of delivering the promises of a better future for those affected
Summary
RESUMEN El reasentamiento de poblaciones debido a proyectos mineros y de infraestructura se ha convertido en un problema cada vez más relevante en el Perú, dado el número creciente de proyectos que se superponen a hábitats rurales y urbanos. Posteriormente, sin embargo, las empresas BHP Billiton y Río Tinto ensayaron procesos de reasentamiento participativos que han generado una fuerte ola migratoria de regreso a los pueblos vecinos al proyecto debido a las expectativas de renegociación de la tierra con estas empresas que proponen políticas acordes con los lineamientos del Banco Mundial para estos casos. Micropolítica de la gobernabilidad y del disciplinamiento en el ámbito rural» (ver en este número de Debates en Sociología) los discursos sobre «desarrollo» y «futuro» de la empresa a cargo del reasentamiento y los mecanismos prácticos de disciplinamiento que llevaron al diseño y ejecución de la nueva ciudad, que asemeja más un company-town (o campamento minero) que un pueblo rural andino. Sin embargo, no tomaron en cuenta las incertidumbres sobre la capacidad del Estado y la región Cusco para cumplir sus promesas y para finalmente concretar este proyecto, que hasta el momento se encuentra paralizado
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