Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three production systems on live weight gain (LWG) of white turkeys by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and profile analysis. A total of 81 turkey poults were assigned to intensive (7 male and 19 female), semi-intensive (9 male and 19 female) and extensive groups (11 male and 16 female) at one day old. The poults were wing-banded at day 1 after hatching and weighed individually each week through 16 weeks old. The birds were managed similarly through eight weeks old. After that time, the intensive group was fed concentrated feed indoors. The birds of the semi-intensive group had access to pasture for eight hours a day, and received 50% of the concentrated feed that was consumed by the intensive group. The birds in the extensive group were kept outdoors with shade and grazed on pasture, but did not receive concentrated feed. The bi-weekly LWG of the extensive, intensive and semi-intensive groups were 1191.4 g, 990.6 g and 872.1 g, respectively. Through the 16 weeks of the trial, the effects on LWG of production system, age, and interaction of age and production system were highly significant (P <0.01) in the repeated measures ANOVA. The profile analysis also showed highly significant (P <0.01) production system effects and interaction of production system and age on LWG. Scheffe’s test indicated that the intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive treatments differed (P <0.05).
Highlights
Turkeys complement other sources of animal protein and are becoming increasingly important to close the gap between consumer demand and supply (Kırkpınar & Mert, 2004; Ekinci, 2015; Küçükbayrak, 2015)
Intensified production systems have resulted in increased live weight and carcass yield, whereas the ability to reduce feed costs by grazing in pasture is another important advantage of turkey production (Ekinci, 2015)
The age effects on live weight were compared within production system and the effects of production system were compared within age
Summary
Turkeys complement other sources of animal protein and are becoming increasingly important to close the gap between consumer demand and supply (Kırkpınar & Mert, 2004; Ekinci, 2015; Küçükbayrak, 2015). Intensified production systems have resulted in increased live weight and carcass yield, whereas the ability to reduce feed costs by grazing in pasture is another important advantage of turkey production (Ekinci, 2015). The efficiency of turkey production may be enhanced by their ability to select among dietary ingredients. Live weight daily gain was increased for birds that were choice-fed wheat than for turkey poults that were choice-fed maize. Profile analysis is an extension of repeated measures ANOVA in which slopes between adjacent weights are compared. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of data analysis, namely repeated measures ANOVA and profile analysis in assessing the effects of three production systems (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive) on LWG of turkeys over time
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