Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues of dairy cows. The last approximately 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, and political response towards housing condition, health and welfare issues of dairy cattle. All buildings and housing systems for dairy cattle should be designed, constructed, maintained and managed to assist in the achievement of the Five Freedoms: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom to express normal behavior and freedom from fear and distress. Whether dairy cows are housed in cubicles, straw yards or cow sheds, in order to maximize their performance and to ensure satisfactory standards of welfare, the accommodation must provide the most basic behavioral and physiological needs. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather. Also, it must allow the cow to move freely around without risk of injury and certain diseases. If the housing system does not provide for these basic needs, then not only will health, welfare and production of dairy cattle be compromised, but it is likely that failure to comply with the welfare codes and the law relating to animal welfare will occur.
Highlights
The last 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, and political response towards housing condition, animal health and welfare issues
This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues of dairy cows
If the housing system does not provide for these basic needs, will health, welfare and production of dairy cattle be compromised, but it is likely that failure to comply with the welfare codes and the law relating to animal welfare will occur
Summary
The last 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, and political response towards housing condition, animal health and welfare issues. This is the case in EU and other. There is major public demand for improvements in animal welfare, housing conditions and health aspects in developing countries. This demand is reflected in the activities of various lobbying organizations, through the media and at policy level, in the course of improved legislation. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues of dairy cows
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