Reappraisal of scrotal scintigraphy in evaluation of varicocoeles

Abstract

Varicocoeles could be classified into stop-type and shunt-type. In stop-type varicocoeles, only the internal spermatic (testicular) vein is dilated and needs to be ligated. In shunt-type, both internal spermatic vein and external spermatic (cremasteric) vein are dilated due to incompetence of the cremasteric system and both venous systems require ligation. Two-phase (flow and static) scrotal scintigraphy was performed on 92 patients preoperatively. Forty-three patients in whom the testicular and cremasteric veins could be verified during operation were included in this study. All 43 patients had unilateral varicocoeles and had abnormal blood pooling in the affected spermatic cord and hemiscrotum. In the blood flow study, 22 of 27 shunt-type varicocoeles had abnormal flow in the spermatic cord whereas only one out of 16 stop-type varicocoeles had increased blood flow. No difference in the results of semen analysis was found between the two groups of patients. Two-phase scrotal scintigraphy provides a noninvasive evaluation of shunting of the retrograde venous flow from the internal spermatic to the external spermatic vein. Understanding this pathophysiological change would be of benefit in the decision making about a surgical approach to varicocoeles.