Real-world comparison of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) treated with apalutamide (APA) or enzalutamide (ENZ).

Abstract

51 Background: APA and ENZ, two androgen receptor synthesis inhibitors (ARSIs), used in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are among the recommended treatments for patients with mCSPC. Deep PSA response, evaluated as ≥90% PSA decline (PSA90), is an important outcome after ARSI initiation, with early, deep response associated with longer survival. The primary objective of this study was to compare PSA90 response in ARSI-naïve patients with mCSPC by 6 months after initiating APA or ENZ in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Linked electronic medical record (EMR) data of US community urology practices in the from PPS Analytics and administrative health data from Komodo Health Solutions Research Database were evaluated. Patients with mCSPC were selected into two cohorts, based on the index date, defined as the first paid pharmacy claim or in-office dispensation for APA or ENZ on or after 16 Dec 2019. Patients were required to have ≥12 months of pre-index EMR clinical activity. Pre-index characteristics (i.e., age, race, geographic region, payer type, index year, time from metastasis, time from first prostate cancer [PC] diagnosis, de novo PC, ADT use, first-generation antiandrogen use, chemotherapy use, metastasis locations, most recent PSA level, testosterone level, and Gleason score) were balanced between cohorts with inverse-probability treatment weighting (IPTW). Patients were followed from index date until the earliest of index ARSI discontinuation or switch, radiopharmaceutical initiation, end of open administrative claim or EMR clinical activity, or end of data availability (30 Sep 2022). PSA90 was defined as the earliest ≥90% decline in PSA relative to most recent pre-index PSA. The proportion of patients achieving PSA90 was compared using a weighted Kaplan-Meier analysis and the time-to-PSA90 response was compared using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In total 860 APA and 869 ENZ patients were identified. Patient pre-index characteristics were balanced with IPTW (Table). By 6 months post-index, 80.3% of APA and 75.0% of ENZ patients had ≥1 PSA test result. By 6 months, significantly more APA patients attained a PSA90 response, as compared to ENZ patients (p=0.005; Table). The median time to PSA90 response was 3.5 months for APA and 4.9 months for ENZ. Conclusions: This US real-world study of patients with mCSPC demonstrated that treatment with APA produces a deep, early PSA response by 6 months in a greater percentage of patients than treatment with ENZ. [Table: see text]