Abstract
Trace lead detection for cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave (SW) stripping voltammetry was performed using mercury immobilized onto a carbon nanotube electrode (HNPE). Using the characteristics of mercury and the catalytic carbon nanotube structure, a modified technique, the 0.45 µg/l detection limit of lead ion was attained. The developed method can be applied to pond water, fish tissue, plant tissue, and in vivo direct assay.
Highlights
In in vivo biological systems, absorbed lead is related to the medicinal risk facts of organic and neuro disease (Vagn et al, 2001)
A three electrode cell system was used in the cyclic and squarewave stripping voltammetry
A needle type, counter and reference electrode were inserted in the muscle and cells using a 0.5 mm micro diameter hand drill under anesthesia, 10-20 mm deep into the tissue
Summary
In in vivo biological systems, absorbed lead is related to the medicinal risk facts of organic and neuro disease (Vagn et al, 2001). Trace detection methods are important in biological and environmental (Mana et al, 2004) monitoring controls (Joseph et al, 2001) For these reasons, some methods of detecting lead have been developed. Some methods of detecting lead have been developed These include the spectrophotometric graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (Huge et al, 1995), microwave-enhanced anodic-stripping detection (Yu et al, 2001), retrospective analysis (Eric et al , 1007), sono electroanalysis (Alastair et al , 2000), sono ASV detection method (Richard et al, 1998) and others. These techniques demand specialized ionization energy systems and complicated voltametric modification techniques. Various methods that have been developed include the nano hydroxamic acid carbon paste electrode (Tesfaye et al, 1999), boron doped diamond electrode (Andrew et al, 1999), and carbon paste polymer film electrodes (DomeÄnech et al , 2000)
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