Abstract
As a result of severe environmental pressure and stringent government regulations, refined energy management for vehicles has become inevitable. To improve vehicle fuel economy, this paper presents a bus-based energy management system for the electrical system of internal combustion engine vehicles. Both the model of an intelligent alternator and the model of a lead-acid battery are discussed. According to these models, the energy management for a vehicular electrical system is formulated as a global optimal control problem which aims to minimize fuel consumption. Pontryagin’s minimum principle is applied to solve the optimal control problem to realize a real-time control strategy for electrical energy management in vehicles. The control strategy can change the output of the intelligent alternator and the battery with the changes of electrical load and driving conditions in real-time. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional open-loop control strategy, the proposed control strategy for vehicle energy management can effectively reduce fuel consumption and the fuel consumption per 100 km is decreased by approximately 1.7%.
Highlights
To address energy scarcity and environmental pollution, many countries have issued and implemented strict standards of vehicle energy consumption and automotive exhaust emissions. new energy vehicles (NEV) can effectively meet these standards, replacing the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle with NEV is difficult because of technical issues, such as small battery capacity, long charging time, and high battery cost
To verify the optimal power distribution (OPD) strategy, the same experiment is conducted in the vehicle without an energy management system, which is called the open‐loop control (OLC) strategy
To verify the OPD strategy, the same experiment is conducted in the vehicle without an energy management system, which is called the open-loop control (OLC) strategy
Summary
Alternator according to the vehicle speed and the state of the battery charge, and it never considered was proposed by Wang [11], in which a double fuzzy controller was designed to recover braking the variation of thethe electrical load. Controller only controlled the output of the alternator according to the vehicle Based on previous studies, bus‐based energy management system proposed for speed and the state of the batteryacharge, and real‐time it never considered the variation of the is electrical load. The proposed distributes the power demandstrategy of electrical load the ICE vehicle electricalstrategy system,optimally and its real-time energy management based onbetween. The proposed strategy optimally distributes the power demand of electrical load between The remainder of this is organized follows: Section 2 can describes the bus‐based power the intelligent alternator andpaper the battery so that as better fuel economy be obtained.
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