Abstract
.SignificanceDiffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) allows discrimination of tissue type. Its application is limited by the inability to mark the scanned tissue and the lack of real-time measurements.AimThis study aimed to develop a real-time tracking system to enable localization of a DRS probe to aid the classification of tumor and non-tumor tissue.ApproachA green-colored marker attached to the DRS probe was detected using hue-saturation-value (HSV) segmentation. A live, augmented view of tracked optical biopsy sites was recorded in real time. Supervised classifiers were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. A developed software was used for data collection, processing, and statistical analysis.ResultsThe measured root mean square error (RMSE) of DRS probe tip tracking was and for the and dimensions, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the system to classify tumor and non-tumor tissue in real time was 94% for stomach and 96% for the esophagus.ConclusionsWe have successfully developed a real-time tracking and classification system for a DRS probe. When used on stomach and esophageal tissue for tumor detection, the accuracy derived demonstrates the strength and clinical value of the technique to aid margin assessment in cancer resection surgery.
Highlights
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major contributor to the global cancer risk, with ∼4.8 million new cases of GI cancer worldwide in 2018.1 These malignancies continue to pose a major threat to public health
The five-year survival of patients with esophageal cancer with positive margins has been reported as 13.8% compared to 46.3% for those with negative margins.[5]
This paper presents a tracking system to enable localization of the tip of a handheld Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) probe
Summary
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major contributor to the global cancer risk, with ∼4.8 million new cases of GI cancer worldwide in 2018.1 These malignancies continue to pose a major threat to public health. It is paramount to establish tissue margins accurately.[7]
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