Abstract
Many applications such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), tactile Internet, and 5G/6G mobile require Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) in data transmission. The end-to-end latency is required to be on the order of sub-millisecond in these applications. The IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards have been developed to provide ULL networking. The IEEE 802.1Qbv Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), which is a typical flow control mechanism of TSN, is a traffic shaper to provide deterministic end-to-end ULL transmission for express traffic. The Gate Control List (GCL) of all TAS enabled nodes must be configured in a coordinated manner to ensure ULL. However, existing configuration schemes cannot be employed in highly dynamic conditions where the distribution of time-sensitive streams frequently changes. It will be a significant problem to deal with such dynamic conditions in the future. Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time adaptive gate scheduling scheme for TAS. The scheduling problem is formulated as a boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), and the employment of an FPGA-based solver is proposed to achieve runtime fast computation. The proposed scheme enables real-time reconfiguration for high flexibility and high bandwidth utilization to deal with the dynamics of network conditions. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is confirmed with computer simulations.
Highlights
Many current and future network applications require UltraLow Latency (ULL) [1]
The IETF Deterministic Networking (DetNet) standards have been discussed for providing ULL networking in network layer
The scheduling problem is formulated as a boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), and the employment of an FPGA-based SAT solver is proposed to achieve runtime fast computation
Summary
Many current and future network applications require UltraLow Latency (ULL) [1]. Representative examples of such applications are Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [2]–[4] and tactile Internet [5], [6], where the end-to-end latency is required to be on the order of sub-millisecond. TAS is a traffic shaper which is usually employed along with the IEEE 802.1Qbu frame preemption [11] to provide deterministic end-to-end ULL transmission for express traffic. The proposed scheme enables real-time reconfiguration for high flexibility and high bandwidth utilization to deal with the dynamics of network conditions. To utilize TAS, it is required for all nodes from sender to receiver to be synchronized in time with the 802.1AS time reference In this example, there are eight packet queues that correspond with traffic classes. When a TAS bridge receives a GS-frame, it immediately closes the corresponding gate and opens the gates for other class traffic to improve the link utilization This scheme is effective as regards dynamic reconfiguration of time windows based on the real-time fluctuations in the amount of traffic. In this paper we propose a real-time reconfiguration scheme for such conditions
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