Abstract
We measured the glucose concentration by using the real-time electromagnetic interaction between probe-tip and glucose solution using a microwave biosensor. The microwave biosensor, consisting of a dielectric resonator coupled to the probe-tip, allows observation of the small variation of the glucose concentration changes in the ranges of 0–300 mg/ml by measuring the microwave reflection coefficientS11. We could observe the concentration of glucose with a detectable resolution up to 1 mg/ml at an operating frequency of aboutf=4-5 GHz. The change of the glucose concentration is directly related to the change of the reflection coefficient due to the electromagnetic interaction between the microwave resonator and the glucose solution. The operational principal is explained by the plane-wave solution model. The measured signal-to-noise ratio was about 37 dB, and the minimum detectible signal was about 0.003 dB/(mg/ml). A glucose biosensor using a microwave resonator with probe provides a unique approach for glucose real-time monitoring.
Highlights
The real-time detection and the quantification of glucose concentration with high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy are required in many different areas
During the real-time measurement firstly the silicon tube is filled by DI water, and it is continuously filled by glucose solution with the different concentrations
We found a good agreement with theory between the variation of reflection coefficient S11 and the glucose concentrations
Summary
The real-time detection and the quantification of glucose concentration with high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy are required in many different areas. Optical glucose biosensors are exploiting electromagnetic wave interactions with the glucose solution on the sensor surface to allow real-time analytical-evaluation of glucose [8, 9]. Commercial development of these devices has allowed measurement of glucose concentration with sufficient accuracy for several applications. In order to better characterize the concentration of glucose, we take advantage of the noninvasive evaluation capabilities of a real-time interaction technique using a microwave biosensor [10,11,12,13,14]. The change in the glucose concentration was directly related to the change in the intensity of the reflection coefficient S11 due to an electromagnetic interaction between the microwave probe-tip and the glucose solution
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