Real-Time Energy Management for DC Microgrids Using Artificial Intelligence

Aiman J. Albarakati,Hassan El Moussaoui,Younes Boujoudar,Najat Ouaaline,Reda Jabeur,Ayman Aljarbouh,Tijani Lamhamdi,Mohamed Azeroual

doi:10.3390/en14175307

Abstract

Microgrids are defined as an interconnection of several renewable energy sources in order to provide the load power demand at any time. Due to the intermittence of renewable energy sources, storage systems are necessary, and they are generally used as a backup system. Indeed, to manage the power flows along the entire microgrid, an energy management strategy (EMS) is necessary. This paper describes a microgrid energy management system, which is composed of solar panels and wind turbines as renewable sources, Li-ion batteries, electrical grids as backup sources, and AC/DC loads. The proposed EMS is based on the maximum extraction of energy from the renewable sources, by making them operate under Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode; both of those MPPT algorithms are implemented with a multi-agent system (MAS). In addition, management of the stored energy is performed through the optimal control of battery charging and discharging using artificial neural network controllers (ANNCs). The main objective of this system is to maintain the power balance in the microgrid and to provide a configurable and a flexible control for the different scenarios of all kinds of variations. All the system’s components were modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, the MAS system was developed using Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), and Multi-Agent Control using Simulink with Jade extension (MACSIMJX) was used to insure the communication between Simulink and JADE.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilHybrid renewable energy systems or multiple energy resources systems, popularly known as microgrid power systems, are a new generation of electrical sources providing balanced and clean electricity
The electricity produced by the renewable sources is not stable over time due the intermittence of these systems
As beginning ofof this paper, this study aims totocover the load power by balancing the amount of energy in microgrid systems, and on the other power balancing the amount of energy in microgrid systems, and and on the hand to the loadby power by balancing the amount of energy in microgrid systems, on other the other hand stabilize the voltage the Figures and show the comparison made stabilize the voltage at the DC_BUS

Summary

Introduction

Hybrid renewable energy systems or multiple energy resources systems, popularly known as microgrid power systems, are a new generation of electrical sources providing balanced and clean electricity. Photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines are renewable power technologies widely used in most regions on earth, and are two of the cleanest forms of energy conversion available [1]. The hybridization of different sources of energy aims, on one hand, to provide sustainable and balanced electricity in remotes areas, and on the other hand, to ensure maximum electricity generating capacity with the lowest cost for the areas served by conventional power grids [2]; the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and their dependency on metrological conditions can cause some problems, especially in terms of storage. An energy management system, or EMS, is necessary to control the power flow. Electrotechnical Commission in the standard IEC 61970 as a computer system comprising iations.

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