Real-time distribution of en-route Electric Vehicles for optimal operation of unbalanced hybrid AC/DC microgrids

Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes a hierarchical power routing scheme for optimal operation of unbalanced hybrid AC/DC microgrids in grid-connected operating mode. The proposed method includes an optimal real-time distribution of en-route Electric Vehicles (EVs) between Charging Stations (CSs) within the microgrid and a dynamic power routing among three phases of the AC system using the capability of three-phase four-leg Interlinking Converters (ICs) aiming at minimizing the active power losses in the microgrid and power imbalance factor (PIF) at the point of common coupling (PCC). Numerical results obtained from the modified IEEE 13 bus system, as a highly unbalanced microgrid, demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method not only in achieving the objective functions, but also in improving the system loadability and voltage profile indices comparing with other supervisory schemes and optimization methods for optimal operation of unbalanced hybrid AC/DC microgrids.