Abstract
In this work, a novel computational approach for the dynamic adaptation of User Interfaces (UIs) is proposed, which aims at enhancing the Situational Awareness (SA) of users by leveraging the current context and providing the most useful information, in an optimal and efficient manner. By combining Ontology modeling and reasoning with Combinatorial Optimization, the system decides <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">what</i> information to present, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">when</i> to present it, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">where</i> to visualize it in the display - and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">how</i> , taking into consideration contextual factors as well as placement constraints. The main objective of the proposed approach is to optimize the SA associated with the displayed UI <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">at run-time</i> , while avoiding information overload and induced stress. In the context of this work, we have deployed our computational approach to the use case of an Augmented Reality (AR) system for Law Enforcement Agents (LEAs). To explore the benefits and limitations of the developed system, two evaluations have been conducted. The first one was an expert-based evaluation with LEAs and User Experience (UX) experts, assessing the appropriateness of the system’s decisions. The second one was a user-based evaluation involving LEAs from different agencies, estimating the SA, the mental workload and the overall UX associated with the system, through an AR simulation. The results indicate that the system enhances SA, and while not imposing workload, it provides an overall positive UX.
Highlights
U SER Interfaces (UIs) constitute the prominent means for interacting with computing systems and applications, with a decisive impact in their utility, accessibility and the overall User Experience (UX)
WORK In this work, we introduced a novel computational methodology, which aims at enhancing the Situational Awareness of users, through a real-time, dynamic adaptation of UIs, while taking into consideration the current context
The proposed, general-purpose methodology was deployed to the application domain of the DARLENE project, whose main objective is to improve the Situational Awareness (SA) of Law Enforcement Agents (LEAs), when responding to criminal and terrorist activities, through Augmented Reality and Machine Learning technologies
Summary
U SER Interfaces (UIs) constitute the prominent means for interacting with computing systems and applications, with a decisive impact in their utility, accessibility and the overall User Experience (UX). A novel computational approach for the dynamic adaptation of UIs is proposed, which aims at enhancing the SA of users by leveraging the current context and providing the most useful information, in an optimal and efficient manner. The optimization formulation considers all dimensions of the visualization decision (what, when, how, where), solving layout and GUI element selection decisions simultaneously; this provides a more concise handling of the design decisions, but can lead to improved decisions that deal with the problem as a whole; examples of the benefits of such an approach are better display space utilization and content adjustment based on positional constraints. Observed (objective) and perceived (subjective) user SA is improved, by 9.25% and 25.63% respectively
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