Abstract
The selection of sperm cells possessing normal morphology and motility is crucial for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Since stains cannot be used in human IVF, clinicians examine sperm cells using imaging methods that only provide gross 2D morphology, leading to lack of consistency in sperm selection. I will review our latest advances in quantitative phase imaging with deep-learning-powered virtual staining called HoloStain. This method can take images of sperm cells retrieved from their off-axis holograms, acquired without cell staining, and make them look as if they have been chemically stained. I will also review our new approach for ultra-rapid 3D refractive-index imaging, providing high-resolution tomographic phase microscopy for acquisition of the entire sperm cell (head with organelles and tail) during free swim and without staining. These novel tools are now becoming available for direct clinical use, giving rise to new and exciting opportunities for IVF.
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