Abstract

Rice is the major food staple for millions of people in coastal flood-prone areas of South and Southeast Asia. In India, these areas are distributed over nine states (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal) and four union territories (Andaman and Nicobar, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry). The state of West Bengal (WB) has the highest area under coastal saline lands (0.82 million hectares) and also one of the most flood-prone states in India. The coastal stretch of this state is part of the alluvial and deltaic plains, confined to East Midnapore, Howrah, North 24 Parganas, and South 24 Parganas districts.

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