Abstract
Energy consumption increases with intensity of human activities. People consume energy for movement and other activities and the more fossil-fuel based energy used, the more carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Since carbon dioxide is the major element of the greenhouse gases (GHG), this phenomenon has a serious implication for global warming and consequent climate change—a scenario that calls for sustainable development. This research considers the emission of CO2 from energy use within the campus of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Two major sources of energy consumption were identified, namely: electricity and transport. The emission for electricity was estimated based on electricity meter reading and the conversion rate in accordance with the stand-ardized conversion factors for fuel mix of the purchased electric energy as given by PTM (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia), while the associated CO2 emission for transport was estimated based on the number of miles driven (VMT—Vehicle Miles Travel) within the campus, emissions produced per litre of gasoline, and fuel economy of vehicles plying the campus in line with the Code of Federal Regulations USEPA and consistent with the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. It was observed that high CO2 emission resulted from electricity energy consumption, and the highest emission in the transport sector was produced by commuting vehicles while emission from service delivery for cooling, lighting and other equipment was similar to national average.
Highlights
Emission of carbon dioxide continues to increase as energy consumptions grow, partly due to the age-long human habit of burning and the current technological practices that favor the use of fossil fuels as major sources of energy
The annual greenhouse gas emissions associated with vehicles were calculated based the number of miles driven (VMT) within the campus, fuel economy of vehicles, the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced per litre of gasoline, in line with the Code of Federal Regulations USEPA and consistent with the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines
The basic characteristics of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) based on the indicators of carbon emission from the university energy consumption are divided into three; basic data, energy consumption and computed findings
Summary
Emission of carbon dioxide continues to increase as energy consumptions grow, partly due to the age-long human habit of burning and the current technological practices that favor the use of fossil fuels as major sources of energy. The amount of carbon produced by the earth in the atmosphere has been of concern in recent time and the realization of low carbon emission will require an understanding of the source, type and quantity of energy use and the extent of emission from such sources. This involves the measurement and determination of extent of emission from the intensity of use. Some sources of energy usually place stress on the environment and result in the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHG). The continuous emission of CO2 into the atmosphere owing to global energy consumption has irreversible effects mostly catastrophic to Earth’s global system and requiring attention in the form of low carbon development
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