Abstract
The main stress factors for sweet cherries in the Krasnodar region are: late return frosts and early exposure to frost after a warm autumn. Against the background of late return frosts, the death of the generative organs of sweet cherry was 95%, the realization of the productive potential − 3.3%; after early spring frosts, freezing of cherry fruit buds was 30%, the realization of productive potential − 47.8%. The early impact of frost after a warm autumn, the death of the generative organs of sweet cherry was 90%, the realization of the productive potential − 5.6%. Under favorable weather conditions, i.e. in the absence of any type of stress, the yield of sweet cherry varieties reached 40.5 kg/tree or 27 t/ha, and the implementation of the production potential − 57.8%. Mathematical analysis showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.97) of the yield of varieties from the abnormal temperatures in March and the degree of exposure to stress, i.e. damage to generative organs (R2 = 0.9). Domestic varieties Alaya, Sashenka and Volshebnitsa, can be recommended for creating sustainable plantations in the south of Russia.
Highlights
Sweet cherry belongs to fruit crops characterized by high temperature requirements
According to the data obtained, the main stress for cherries, leading to significant damage and death of the generative organs, was sharp temperature drops in spring and almost annual frosts during the flowering period, and the later they appeared, the higher was the degree of their impact on the productive organs of sweet cherries
According to the data obtained, the main stress for cherries, leading to significant damage and death of the generative organs, was sharp temperature drops in spring and almost annual frosts during the flowering period, and the later they appeared, the higher was the degree of their impact on the productive organs of the sweet cherry
Summary
Sweet cherry belongs to fruit crops characterized by high temperature requirements. Possessing a high potential for productivity, sweet cherries are susceptible to weather anomalies of various origins and under the annual influence of stressors, the realization of its productivity even in the southern regions, according to some data, is at the level of 50% [1,2].Krasnodar region is one of the regions of Russia with a favorable climate for growing cherries. Sweet cherry belongs to fruit crops characterized by high temperature requirements. Possessing a high potential for productivity, sweet cherries are susceptible to weather anomalies of various origins and under the annual influence of stressors, the realization of its productivity even in the southern regions, according to some data, is at the level of 50% [1,2]. A distinctive feature of the region is the frequent manifestation of stress factors – a long frost-free period or warm winters, sudden temperature drops during the dormant period, recurrent spring frosts, abnormally high temperatures and drought in summer, etc. One of the ways to solve this problem is to create varieties of a new generation with a high potential for resistance to different types of stress factors based on new knowledge, identified features of the implementation of the biopotential of sweet cherry, various research methods [6,7]
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