Realization of optimally insensitive active RC low-pass filters with minimum number of elements†

Abstract

There are many different techniques of synthesizing a given network function in active RC networks. In practice, therefore, some criteria, other than the magnitude and the phase characteristics, provide the decisive factors in choosing a specific technique. This paper aims to satisfy simultaneously two criteria of practical importance in the realization of various types of low-pass niters. It investigates networks which are optimally insensitive to the changes in the parameter of an active element and, in addition, have a minimum number of elements.