Abstract
Problem statement: Increased use of handheld devices and sensor devices pose problems in existing routing protocols. The performance of the existing routing protocols deteriorates very much on these dense scenarios. Control overheads are very important parameter in deciding the performance of routing protocols, which are introduced during route discovery and maintenance process. Denser the network, higher is the control overhead in establishing and maintaining the communication path between end systems. This study aims at implementing an improved fault tolerant routing algorithm that minimizes the routing overhead for ad hoc networks using Zigbee. Approach: We propose a routing protocol which minimizes the routing overhead by exploiting the network density. The number of nodes involved in handling the control packets is minimized in the proposed protocol by selecting few of the neighbors of each node based on the received signal strength. The link breaks are maintained locally, thus by reducing the number of control overheads in the network. Results: The performance of the proposed protocol is tested using OMNet++ simulator. The implementation using Zigbee nodes indicate that the control overhead is reduced up to 80% in dense environments and 60% in heterogeneous and sparse thereby saving energy in the sensor nodes. Conclusion: The proposed protocol increases the energy conservation and hence the nodes life time and networks’ lifetime.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONCreate a RREQ packet Add (dest addr, broadcast ID,) to route table is very weak (threshold -90) Upon the reception of link error signal, the Locally broadcast RREQ setting up wait time for predecessor node broadcast link repair packets to its Route Reply (RREP) } //Receiving RREQ: When a node receives a RREQ packet, it checks whether it is the intended destination
We propose an enhancement to Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol to minimize the control packets in the network and reduce the energy consumption and minimize the delay
The simulated conditions with OMNet++ for 802.11 protocols has been modified for Zigbee with AODV and various conditions has been tested to verify the working of the proposed protocol
Summary
Create a RREQ packet Add (dest addr, broadcast ID,) to route table is very weak (threshold -90) Upon the reception of link error signal, the Locally broadcast RREQ setting up wait time for predecessor node broadcast link repair packets to its RREP } //Receiving RREQ: When a node receives a RREQ packet, it checks whether it is the intended destination. { Create a RREP packet; Unicast the RREP to the source of RREQ//using one hop neighbors with the address of the successor node of the node that is likely to cause link break, distinguishing between local connectivity management and general topology maintenance The neighboring mobile nodes that have the information about successor node replies and one of these reporting nodes is considered as a new intermediate node If the neighboring nodes have no link with the successor node, the Path Discovery process is initiated precursor list } else if (candidate node for rebroadcasting). { Choose the few border nodes; //determined by reachability parameter Modify RREQ packet; //add new border nodes for rebroadcasting
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