Realization and Modeling of Metamaterials Made of rf Superconducting Quantum-Interference Devices

M Trepanier,Daimeng Zhang,Steven M Anlage,Oleg Mukhanov

doi:10.1103/physrevx.3.041029

M Trepanier, Daimeng Zhang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.3.041029

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Abstract

We have prepared meta-atoms based on radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (RF SQUIDs) and examined their tunability with dc magnetic field, rf current, and temperature. RF SQUIDs are superconducting split ring resonators in which the usual capacitance is supplemented with a Josephson junction, which introduces strong nonlinearity in the rf properties. We find excellent agreement between the data and a model which regards the Josephson junction as the resistively and capacitively-shunted junction. A magnetic field tunability of 80 THz/Gauss at 12 GHz is observed, a total tunability of 56$%$ is achieved, and a unique electromagnetically-induced transparency feature at intermediate excitation powers is demonstrated for the first time. An RF SQUID metamaterial is shown to have qualitatively the same behavior as a single RF SQUID with regards to DC flux and temperature tuning.

Highlights

Metamaterials are artificially structured media, designed to have electromagnetic properties not found in nature
We have prepared meta-atoms based on radio-frequency superconducting quantum-interference devices and examined their tunability with dc magnetic field, rf current, and temperature. rf SQUIDs are superconducting split-ring resonators in which the usual capacitance is supplemented with a Josephson junction, which introduces strong nonlinearity in the rf properties
We focus on meta-atoms comprised of a superconducting loop interrupted by a single Josephson junction, commonly known as a radio-frequency superconducting quantum-interference device

Summary

Introduction

Metamaterials are artificially structured media, designed to have electromagnetic properties not found in nature. These properties arise from both the structure of individual meta-atoms and the interactions between them, resulting in interesting collective behavior. The metaatoms must be of deep subwavelength dimensions to achieve the metamaterial limit, as opposed to the photonic crystal limit. This constraint has been an issue in both the visible and microwave regimes, where meta-atom sizes often approach the scale of the wavelength to minimize losses [21,22]. It is desirable to make metamaterials that have textured properties in space

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