Realistic vehicular mobility/channel models for vehicular communications for autonomous intelligent vehicles (AIVs)

Abstract

Among the characteristics of vehicular communication include a dynamic environment, high mobility, and the comparatively modest antenna heights of the communicating entities (vehicles and roadside units). Because of these properties, vehicle propagation and channel modeling are particularly difficult to accomplish. With an emphasis on the applicability of vehicle propagation and channel utilization models for evaluating protocols and applications, this chapter analyses vehicle propagation and channel utilization models. Understanding the transmission methods and execution methodology adopted by each model is the first step toward categorizing them properly. Models can be categorized in several different ways. One method is through the use of channel characteristics that have been implemented. Another technique is to assess how feasible certain options are (e.g., geographical data input). In addition to modeling unusual surroundings (such as tunnels, overpasses, and parking lots), other topics covered include novel forms of communication vehicles that have not previously been examined in vehicular channel modeling, etc. (e.g., scooters, public vehicles). The incorporation of information and communication technologies into road transportation systems has tremendous potential. The construction of V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication lines is required to accomplish this vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). To facilitate this form of connection, the IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V (long-term evolution for vehicle communications) protocols have been proposed as two choices. It is the purpose of this chapter to study the physical and medium access control layers about the features of the communication channel between vehicles. It begins by discussing the most significant influences on V2V and V2I channels, as well as some of their most notable characteristics, before moving on to other topics. In addition to offering instances of roadway conditions, the literature also includes a description of the channel parameters, which is particularly useful. Illustrative following that, modeling methodologies are evaluated, and two of the most commonly used ones are described in greater detail.